2011年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案

　　20xx年职称英语考试理工类B级真题(代码22)

　　1. call-phone

　　2. conversation-talk

　　3. proposed-suggested

　　4. relied on-depended on

　　5. breaks-beats

　　6. cheerful-happy

　　7. exhibited-displayed

　　8. fury-anger

　　9. diligent-hardworking

　　10.persistent-continuous

　　11.eternal-everlasting

　　12.wrecked-damaged

　　13.authentic-genuine

　　14.lure-attraction

　　15.puzzle-mystery

　　答案：

　　A D C A B B A D C D B A D B D

　　参考答案讲评

　　16. It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. (A)

　　17. Most developed countries will face water shortage in 20 years. (B)

　　18. Most of the world’s population may live within 100 km of the sea in 2025. (A)

　　19. Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. (B)

　　20. Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low level. (C)

　　21. The world bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. (A)

　　22. India exceeds (will exceed)environmental limits for water use. (B)

　　标准答案为 ABABCAB

　　参考答案讲评

　　23. Paragraph 1 C:

　　implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans (段落最后一句)

　　24. Paragraph 2 E： Genetic similarities between chimps and humans(段落第一句及段落中间部分均提及)

　　25. Paragraph 3 B：reasons for HIV resistance(该主题需要考生结合下个段落内容推断出来)

　　26. Paragraph 4 F：Chimps’ resistance to HIV(段落第一句)

　　27. D. human survival

　　28. E. Human genomes(基因组)

　　29. C; some diseases

　　30: B: some human disease treatment (出题句在文章第5段)

　　B22的标准答案为 CEBF DECB

　阅读理解第1篇：Water

　　(没找到原文)31 世原文 D

　　32

　　好像是世界水总量 B 总水量维持不变?

　　33

　　是大部分的可饮用水资源储存 答案A 冰川和山川?

　　34

　　翻译短语 D 少量的?

　　35

　　raildown land多于ocean 还是ocean多于land?

　　B22的标准答案为DBADC (红色字体有待大家考证，黑色字体已经确认正确)

　　第2篇：Mind-reading

　　(参考教材，好像其中一个题选项提问与教材不一样)

　　32. Mind-reading1 Machine

　　A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.

　　When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.

　　The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.

　　Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.

　　An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.

　　The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.

　　In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.

　　词汇：

　　scan v. &n. 扫描

　　visualize v. 使可见;设想

　　neuron n. 神经元

　　注释:

　　1. Mind-reading: 能读出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做动词，如，As a successful

　　salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.

　　2. FMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : 功能性磁振造影。这是一种新兴的神经影像学方式，其原理是利用磁振造影来测量神经元活动所引发之血液动力的改变。

　　3. visualize: 意为make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可见，使显现”。

　　36 . What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?

　　A)A small region of the brain.

　　B)The central part of the brain.

　　C)Neurons in the brain.

　　D)Oxygen-rich blood.

　　37. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

　　A)Ceils in your brain are called neurons.

　　B)The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.

　　C)FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.

　　D)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.

　　38. "Highlighting the areas of the brain at work" means

　　A)"marking the parts of the brain that are processing information"

　　B)"giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information"

　　C)"putting the parts of the brain to work"

　　D)"stopping the parts of the brain from working"

　　39. What did the researchers experiment on?

　　A)Animals, objects, and fruits.

　　B)Two volunteers.

　　C)fMRI machines.

　　D)Thousands of pictures.

　　40. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide?

　　A)The Recent Development in Science and Technology.

　　B)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.

　　C)A Technological Dream.

　　D)A Device that can Help You Calculate.

　　答案与题解：

　　36. C 文章第二段的最后两个句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons are

　　responsible for this processin9.这里的processin9指的就是上句中的内容。

　　37. 该题目发生变化。问题：fMIR这台机器是干什么用的?答案：An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. 见文章第5段。

　　38. A

　　highlight：使…显得突出，标出。at work：正在工作的。这里指正在处理信息的(大脑区域)。

　　39. B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。实验者让两个自愿受试者观看许多照片，并用fMRI对设备测试他们的大脑在这一过程中的活动。

　　40.B

　　A论述的范围太大。fMR技术已不再是梦想，所以C也不是正确选择。D所述内容与文章完全不符。B符合文章内容，是最佳选择。

　　标准答案为 CCADA

　　第3篇：youth emancipation in Spain

　　The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

　　Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents’ home, says the latest report from the country’s state-run Institute of Youth.

　　To coax young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

　　Economists blame young people’s family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 20xx.

　　Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe – Italy, Portugal and Greece – are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth Key for Understanding”.

　　“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized,” said Minguez.

　　In Spain – especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

　　Parents’ tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

　　“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he’ll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.

　　Mothers’ willingness to do children’s household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. the eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

　　“His mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well.” Masso said.

　　41The “Youth Emancipation” programme aims at helping young people

　　Alive in an independent way

　　Bfight for freedom

　　Cfight against social injustice

　　Dget rid of family responsibilities

　　42It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in

　　AGreece

　　BFinland(位于欧洲北部)

　　CSpain(位于欧洲西南)

　　DItaly

　　43Young people’s family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT

　　Aparents’ tolerance

　　Bhousing problems

　　CUnwillingness to get married.

　　Dcultural traditions

　　44Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?

　　Ahe has a boyfriend

　　BShe is 60 years old.

　　CShe has three children

　　DShe lives in Madrid

　　45The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by

　　Atired of

　　Bafraid of

　　Cworried about

　　D cautious about

　　答案与题解：

　　41. A： Live in an independent way.( 出题句：Coax(引诱) young people from their homes)

　　42. B： Finland (Greece/Spain出现在并列结构中， Spain在文章中提到了， 只有Finland没有被提到)

　　43. C： unwillingness to get married (该信息在文章中没有被提到)

　　44. A： She has a boy friend. (该题又是在考查插入语结构， 出题句 。。。， a 60-year-old in Madrid, had three children in their 20s. )

　　45. D： wary of /cautious about/小心谨慎的

　　标准答案为ABCAD

　　Reduce Packaging

　　Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign____46_F___.Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries.___47_B__.When returned bottles are put in a vending machines, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging __48_C_. In response to a campaign by Britain’s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.___49_E__. But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. __50_D_In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage (饮料)bottles.A. if a product is overpackaged, don't buy itB. In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. C. this is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.D. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.E. Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (板条箱)for transporting its fresh produce.F. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

　　答案与题解：

　　因为反对浪费的运动要减少包装，英国的超级市场及零售商最近增加了压力。(这项运动由无党派报纸发起。)(这导致销量减少74%。)减少销量才会增加压力?因为包装，英国每年产生了4.6百万吨家庭废物。

　　许多人曾对剩余的塑料包装表示过恼火。运动发起者呼吁英国向其它欧洲国家学习。(在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。)(如果产品被包装两层，别买它。)这些都可以是比较先进的、减少浪费的观点。当返还的瓶子退回柜员机时，押金也偿还。环境保护者警告：英国在这方面已经落后了。

　　他们不得不处置的消费品额外包装量报告增长了不安。贸易权威官员也反对过多的包装。(这是因为太多的填料导致顾客产生错误的印象：他都到底是在买什么?)(如果产品被包装两层，别买它。)权威部门都反对了，还买?

　　为响应这个由无党派报纸发起的运动，主要的超市通过多种公开的行动赢得了公众的信任。(Tesco(英国最大的零售商)说转为使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年节约了112,000吨的纸板。)

　　但运动发起者说零售商和政府应学习更多欧洲大陆反对浪费的惯例。在瑞典，1991年起不回收的电池必须缴税。(这导致销量减少74%。)(在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。)(如果产品被包装两层，不买它。)我不知道瑞典的不回收电池是否减少70%的销量、瑞典是否不买包装两层(即过度包装)的商品，所以这3个答案好像都可。在德国，超市找不到塑料袋，押金用于可再利用的塑料或玻璃容器。

　　(A)If a product is overpackaged, don’t buy it.如果产品被包装两层，不买它。

　　(B)In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.在比利时，你买东西用塑料或玻璃容器时，你必须交付押金。

　　(C)This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.这是因为太多的填料导致顾客产生错误的印象：都不知道是买什么

　　(D)This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.这导致销量减少74%。

　　(E)Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates for transporting its fresh produce.Tesco说，转为使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年节约了112,000吨的纸板。

　　(F)The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.这个运动由无党派报纸发起。

　　标准答案为 FBCED

　　Taking a nap during the day

　　Taking a Nap During the Day

　　Medical experts say most Americans do not get　　1　　sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before　　2　　with other activities.

　　One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less　　3　　to die of disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults　　4　　about six years. Adult who rested for half an hour 5　　three times a week had a 37 percent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.

　　Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 6 by mitigating tension caused by work.

　　Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 7　　of napping for many years. They urge people to　　8　　work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces in their offices. They believe this reduces　　9　　and accidents, and　　10　　increases the amount of work a person can do.

　　Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times1. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel　　11　　. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is　　12　　you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness　　13　　the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap　　14　　last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the　body into deep sleep2 and waking up3 will be　　15

　　词汇:

　　Nap n. 打盹 mitigate v.减价

　　urge v.催促，劝告

　　注释:

　　1.people make more mistakes at work than at other times：人们在工作(时间)中出错的概率比其它的时间要多。本句中的at work可以理解为during their work time。

　　2.put…into deep sleep：使……进人深睡状态

　　3.waking up：从上下文判断，waking up是“自己醒过来”的意思，不是“唤醒”。

　　练习:

　　1. A sweet B sound C bad D enough

　　2. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting

　　3. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely

　　4. A for B at C in D with

　　5. A at least B at most C at last D at first

　　6. A ability B health C thinking D life

　　7. A experiment B reform C idea D way

　　8. A repeat B improve C change D leave

　　9. A work B mistakes C energy D time

　　10. A never B seldom C too D also

　　11. A ready B good C sleepy D awake

　　12. A all B few C any D nothing

　　13. A unless B while C until D during

　　14. A would B may C might D should

　　15. A helpful B difficult C easy D happy

　　答案与题解:

　　1.D本段第二句说“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”。引导我们选择(not)enough。因为睡眠不够，才要中午“打个盹”。选项A：文不对题。选项B：bad(sleep)与上下文不符，因为通篇文章没有提到过，中午打盹的原因是晚上没有睡好。选项C：明显不合乎逻辑。“由于没有睡不好(即：晚上睡好了)，白天还要补睡一会儿”，于理说不通。所以，惟一合理的选择是enough。 ’

　　2.C空格2所在句子的意思是：医学专家建议人们在进行其它活动之前，最好小睡一会。四个选项中，只有continuing(选项C)最接近上述的理解。

　　3.B空格3所在的句子说的是“心脏病致死”的问题，lovely，fondly和finely分别表达“可爱”、“喜欢”和“美好”的意思，明显不对。less likely是“可能性较低一些”的意思，选择likely符合上下文的意思。本段最后一句说，成年人白天打盹半小时，一周三次，其心脏病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%。这更证实了选likely是正确的。

　　4.A本句的意思是，调查进行了六年。about six years之前要用表达一段时间的介词for。介词at和with明显与about six years不搭配，而选项in(about six years)表达的是未来的时间，如：He will come to Beijing in one day or tw0.(他一、两天之内会到北京。)

　　5.A at first和at last明显与本句的意思不符。若选at most(最多)，本句的意思成了“成年人白天打盹半小时，一周不得超过三次，其心脏病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%”，意思有点令人费解。改说成，“一周至少三次”才说得通。所以at least是答案。

　　6.B通篇文章在阐述白天打盹有益于健康，选项B是答案。

　　7.C空格7所在的句子的意思是：多年来，欧洲和拉丁美洲的一些公司支持白天打盹的 ? (空格中填哪一个词?)。很明显，空格中填入experiment(试验)或reform(改革)则离题太远，而way(方式)肯定没有idea(想法)好。C是答案。

　　8.D从上下文判断，空格8的词应该与“中止(work)”有关。四个选项中，只有leave合乎这一条件。而其它三个选项repeat(重复)、improve(改进)和change(改变)与后半句的go home and have a nap搭不上。

　　9.B前面一句说，美国有些公司让职员在办公室打个盹，这样可以减少些事故等。填人空格9的词应该与accidents(事故)一样，是一个负面意思的词。mistakes(选项B)符合这个条件，是答案。reduce work/energy time都不合理。

　　10.D 打个盹有两个好处：1)可以减少错误和事故;2)可以增加工作效率。从上下文判断，

　　选als0最合适。t00从词义上说也可以，但用法上有问题，因为“…this…too increases the amount…”把t00置于动词increases之前很少见。never和seldom的意思与上下文不匹配。

　　11.C前半句说，“people should not carry out important dudes…”，后半句自然会想到“when they feel sleepy”。而when they feel ready good happy都说不通。

　　12.A本句的意思是：大约20分钟的打盹是你所需要的。所以，About twenty minutes of rest is few/any/nothing you need与上述意思不符，只有About twenty minutes of rest is all you need才说得通。

　　13.C前半句说，“this(指打肫)provides extra energy and Can increase your effectiveness”后面接while unless during the end of the day不搭配，只有until(the end of the day)才是答案。

　　14.D本句的意思是：专家警告说：打盹不能(或不应该)超过30分钟。这题选should最合适。

　　15.B本句表达的意思应该是上一句“A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep”引出的结果。打盹时间长了，就会进入深睡状态，很难醒过来。选difficult是合适的，其它三个选项的意思脱离了上下文，不会是答案。

　　标准答案为CABDB CDBCB AADCB