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作者：万通
1. The words\"gymnastics\" and \"gym\" come from the Greek language, for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions started. gymnastics 和gym这两个词都来自希腊文,因为奥林匹克竞赛正是在希腊开始的。
1) for在此是连词,常用于书面语,比because正式,一般用逗号与句子的前面部分分开,它所引出的句子对前面句子起解释作用。例如:
It must have rained much recently, for the river is so high. 最近一定下了很多雨,因为河水涨得这么高。
2) 本句中的it was...that...是一个强调结构。强调结构一般可以强调句子中的主语、宾语、状语以及从句,一般不能强调谓语动词,去掉强调结构后句子依然完整。
[考题再现]
It is these poisonous products________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
答案:B。
2. There are a few simple safety measures to follow while training. 有几条简单的安全措施,训练时必须遵守。
while training是省略句的用法,完整的句子是while you are training。一般说来,在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,若从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句主语为it,并且从句中谓语动词含有be的形式,这时可省略从句中的主语和动词be部分。省略后从句中可出现如下结构:
① 连词+名词
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
② 连词+形容词
Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret.
③ 连词+介词短语
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
④ 连词+分词
While ( I was ) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
⑤ 连词+不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
[考题再现]
① Generally speaking,________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
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A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
② Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
答案: ① B ② C。
3. The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. 她所做的第一件事就是走到她的教练面前,感谢她在训练期间给予她的帮助。
1) 本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句是The first thing ... was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. 定语从句是 (that) she did.
2) 本句中两个作表语的不定式短语go up to...和thank her for ... 都省略了不定式符号to。一般说来,定语从句中含有do时,常可省略表语中的不定式符号to;由what引导的主语从句的谓语中含有do时,作表语的不定式也常省略to。例如:
What I could do was wait for the next bus. 我所能做的事是等下一班车。
4. They each had to perform on three pieces of equipment as well as the floor.她们每人既要表演自由体操,还得完成三项器械动作。
as well as前后需连接两个对称的成分,意为\"不仅......而且......\",\"既......又......\"。使用时应注意:
① as well as 与not only... but also... 不同。A as well as B的意思是\"不但B,而且A\",其重点在前者,不可按词序翻译为\"不但A,而且B\"。例如:
She is clever as well as beautiful.( =She is not only beautiful but also clever.) 她不仅漂亮而且聪明。
② as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应与前面的那个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。例如:
Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. 不但你而且你的弟弟对我也很好。
③ as well as用在肯定句和否定句中有不同的含义。试比较:
I, as well as you, shall go. 你要去,我也要去。
I shall not go as well as you. 你要去,但我不去。
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