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作者：赵忠西
1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat?
[问] reduce的主要用法有哪些?
[答] reduce意为\"把......减少\"、\"降低（价格）\"、\"缩小（程度、尺寸等）\"，是及物动词。例如：
She reduced her weight by 6 kilograms. 她的体重减轻了6公斤。
The bike was reduced from 300 yuan to 200 yuan. 这辆自行车的价格从300元降到200元。
You must reduce your expenses. 你必须减少你的开支。
reduce还表示\"使成为\"、\"使处于（某种状态）\"，多用于被动语态，且与介词to连用。例如：
The house was reduced to ashes. 房子被烧成灰烬。
In the past, she was reduced to begging. 在过去，她被逼得去讨饭。
2. Some people got into a total panic, when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses and cars went up in the air.
[问] get into a panic表示什么意思?
[答] get into a panic意为\"进入恐慌状态\"，是固定搭配，可与about连用，引出原因。例如：
They got into a panic about the fire in the building. 他们因大楼起火而变得慌乱起来。
He got into a panic when he thought he\'d forgotten the passport. 他想起忘了带护照时，惊慌起来。
3. The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
[问] at hand能用by hand替代吗?
[答] 不能。 at hand意为\"在近处\"，是介词短语，而by hand则表示\"用手\"。例如：
We live close at hand. 我们住在附近。
Fortunately there was someone at hand. 幸好附近有人。
This desk was made by hand. 这张桌子是手工制作的。
at hand还表示\"在手边\"、\"即将来到\"，作状语或表语。例如：
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I haven\'t my dictionary at hand. 我的词典不在手边。
The examination is at hand. 考试即将来到。
4. With a tearing crash, tons of water fell upon the deck, as though the ship passed under a waterfall.
[问] as though的主要用法是什么?
[答] as though表示\"好像\"、\"仿佛\"，是连词，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。通常用来表示主观想象或夸大性的比喻，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。该用法在本报第14期《貌似错误却有理，别有用意表虚拟》中已讲过，不再赘述。
as though引导表语从句时，若从句中的情况发生的可能性很大，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。例如：
The meat tastes as though it has already gone bad. 肉尝起来好像已经坏了。
It looks as though we\'ll have to walk.看来我们得步行了。
第十单元易混词语辨、练、析
作者：陈光明
一、escape; flee
1. Only two of the revolutionaries ________ from the prison.
2. The enemy ________ in disorder on hearing our guns.
3. No gas ________ from the pipe, but I still smelled something unusual.
4. We go south to ________ the winter.
5. Lu Zhishen killed his enemy and ________ his hometown to be a monk.
6. Luckily, there were a lot of people around and he ________ being drowned.
7. I\'m afraid your name ________ me.
Key: 1. escaped 2. fled 3. escaped 4. escape 5. fled 6. escaped 7. escapes
escape指安然\"逃脱（走）；跑掉\"，强调结果，一般为不及物动词(如1)。用作及物动词时，表示\"逃避；避开危险或不愉快的事\"（如4和6）或\"被疏忽；遗漏；泄漏\"（如3和7）。flee指\"逃奔；逃走\"，侧重指逃走时的急促状况，强调动作本身，不表明其结果。既可用作不及物动词（如2），也可用作及物动词（如5）。
二、awake; wake
1. I walked in quietly because I was afraid of ________ him.
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2. Some students ________ read in bed.
3. His letter ________ old memories.
4. His father sat in the chair ________ all night.
5. When I ________ the sun was shining into the room.
6. You must stay ________ while you are on duty.
Key: 1. waking / awaking 2. awake 3. awoke 4. awake 5. woke / awoke 6. awake
awake 用作形容词时, 一般用作补足语、表语(如6)或表示伴随状况（如4），也可用作后置定语（如2）；用作动词时，既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，但都不与up连用(如1和5)；作\"醒来；弄醒\"解，通常可与wake换用；作\"唤起对......的回忆\"解，不能用wake或wake up代替（如3）。wake较为通俗，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，单独使用或与up连用均可（如1和5）。
三、serious; severe
1. She was in ________ pain.
2. The bad harvest led to ________ food shortage.
3. Do you think that he is ________ about leaving his wife?
4. The underwater trials will provide the ________ test of the engine\'s capabilities.
5. Nothing ________ . Just a cold. Don\'t worry about me.
Key: 1. severe 2. severe 3. serious 4. severest 5. serious
severe指\"（伤害、痛苦、担心、不舒适等的程度上）严重的；激烈的；剧烈的\"(如1和2)，也可指（处理方式上、标准要求上）\"严厉的；严格的；苛刻的\"（如4）。serious作\"严重的；严肃的\"解时，强调须认真对待（如5）；也表示\"认真的；并非开玩笑的\"（如3）。
四、knock about; knock on; knock into
1. He returned home after he had ________ for ten years in Africa.
2. Please ________ the door before entering.
3. The old typewriter ________ the house for three years. It is of no use at all.
4. He ________ an old lady while walking in the street and fell over.
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5. The prisoners are said to ________ there.
6. This kind of sense ________ their heads when they were children.
Key: 1. knocked about 2. knock on 3. has been knocking about 4. knocked into 5. have been knocked about 6. was knocked into
knock about 既可作不及物动词，表示\"闲逛；漫游\"（如1）或\"放置在（不引人注意的地方）（如3）\"；也可用作及物动词，作\"虐待\"解（如5）。knock on中的on表示\"敲打\"的方向，可与at换用（如2）。knock into 表示\"撞上\"（如4），也表示\"强行灌输\"（如6）
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